It not only consists of and that’s it, but you also have to take into account several factors that can affect its development, as well how the board works. That is why at the time of create a project with arduino or any other microcontroller it is essential to know how are you going to feed And in case of using batteries, what autonomy should they have?
This will be essential for its useful lifeIt should also be taken into account that at the time of power the microcontroller they are feeding too actuators and sensorsif the electrical limitations of each of them are not taken into account, the project may not work correctly.
Currently there are different ways to feed one, one of the most common is via USB keeping it connected directly to the computer. However, there are other ways to do it, which is why here we are going to teach you how to feed an Arduino safely without damaging your board, to do so, follow everything that we will teach you below in detail.
What should we take into account when powering my Arduino boards?
Currently Arduino boards are very versatile and support different ways of being powered. However, before carrying out the feeding process It is essential to take several aspects into account, as this will prevent it from happening an error or malfunction occurs that could cause plate damage.
In this way, here we show you the different aspects to take into account to carry out the power supply of this plate with the following process:
The type of adapter
In this case, one must be very careful with adapter type used, as one of the most common mistakes users make is to take any type of power and assume that all power sources are equal and capable of being used with arduino boards.
The most recommended type of adapter to use should have a power source of 12 volts 1 amp with direct current outlet. Most of the problems in these cases are generated because most of the older adapters have a AC outlet and these are not suitable for use with Arduino.
In this image you can see that the adapter on the left uses a power supply with 12 VDC output, while the adapter on the right has a source with 12 VAC output.
The voltage of the plates
Being able to take into account the voltage of the plates is essential for these processes, especially since in some cases it is necessary to increase the operating voltage or total battery capacity. That is why it is essential to be able to know in detail the operation of the battery arrangements in series and parallel.
If required increase battery capacityit is possible to use battery arrangements connected in parallel, this means that it must be connect the positives of the batteries all togetheras shown in the following image.
Now if a higher voltage is needed, then series connected batteries can be used, for example, to get the voltage for the feeding a you can use a total of 5 rechargeable 1.2 volt batteries.
Current Regulator Limitations
This is another of the most common problems that can be found when wanting to power an Arduino boardand this is caused when it is done through the External power jack where the on-board regulator can overheat.
In order to understand the main reason for all this, it is necessary to know how the voltage regulator NCP1117ST50T3G, which is presented in SOT-223 encapsulation on Arduino boards. Therefore, this integrated circuit is a linear voltage regulator, which means that it is a regulator that varies its internal electrical resistance to maintain a vconstant output voltage at the output.
By behaving like an electrical resistor, it will tend to heat up proportionally to the current and the differential. voltage between output and input. In this way, if the difference between the input voltage and the output voltage increases, the power dissipated in the regulator will increase. In order to understand this much better, some basic calculations have been elaborated that are necessary to know.
This is the recommended maximum current for different input voltages, assuming that 2 Watts is allowed to dissipate in the regulator:
- 7 volt supply: I = 2 / (7-5) = 2/2 = 1A
- 9 volt supply: I = 2 / (9-5) = 2/4 = 500mA
- 12 volt supply: I = / (12-5) = 2/7 = 258mA
As can be seen, the higher the input voltage, the less current that can be obtained in the regulator without it getting hot. In order to work at the most optimal point, it is necessary to have a 7 volt AC/DC adapter.
use direct current
when you want power an Arduino board It is extremely important that the current used for this is a direct currentthis is not usually a problem nowadays because modern fonts usually use this type of stream. However, the problem arises when using ancient sources, since some of them have alternating current output.
Note that alternating currents They are not suitable for use with Arduino.since the use of the same can cause a irreparable damage to your Arduino boardSo you have to be very careful with it.
What are the main power inputs of an Arduino?
Taking into account the main aspects to keep in mind before carrying out the power of an Arduino and the risks that these can causethe next thing will be to teach you What are the main power inputs on these boards?
Luckily, today there are different methods to do it and which we show you below:
USB
Feeding to Arduino through a USB Cable It is the most used method that can be found, it is perhaps the easiest way to carry out this process, the same accepts a power input of only 5 volts. These 5 volts are obtained from the USB port of the computer or any other USB compatible device, how can a sound equipment with USB input or a TV.
You must take into account that the cables used for these are those mobile phone adapters with USB output or through emergency chargers Also available for mobile phones. usb ports usually have a PPTC fuse that limits the current than the Arduino and all its components can demand from the port USB. Therefore, the maximum current in this case is limited.
This type of power on arduino It is recommended to use it when required small loads and no voltages greater than 5 volts. If this is the case, there will be no need to worry about the polarity / voltagesince it is standard in all USB devices.
The Power Jack
In the case of the Arduino board is It is designed to accept power through the standard jack found in many electronic equipment, mostly a power adapter (AC/DC) or as it is also popularly known in many countries “An Eliminator.” Being a direct current input, the eliminator connection has a polarity that must be respected.
In this case the positive pole It must go towards the center of the connector and the most appropriate voltage to use in these inputs is 7 to 12 volts DC. For the voltages less than 5 to 7 volts in this entry may cause the Arduino internal controller I can’t work constantly. For the voltages greater than 12 can cause overheating quickly on the controller, even though the connected accessories are not that large.
Finally, it should be mentioned that this entry has a protection diode for reverse polarityso if this polarity is not respected, no type of damage will occur, but the Arduino board just won’t work.
Pin VIN
This is another way to carry out powering the Arduino boards, in this case the VIN pin located in the power pin group and ground does double duty.
Which we show you below:
- The first of these is that it allows an external power supply to be applied to the the range of 12 to 6 voltsthis is applied directly at the input of the Arduino board controller. But it should be mentioned that for this case there is no no protection against reverse polarity or over current. When voltage is applied directly to VIN pinyou should not apply simultaneously a voltage at the jack.
- It also works as a voltage output when the board is being powered by the power jack. In this case the voltage present in VIN will be the one that is being applied to the Jack, subtracting the voltage drop in the polarity inversion protection diode, which has a value about 0.7 volt. Keep in mind that it is not recommended to connect loads larger than the 1000mA on this pin, since we can damage the protection diode.
In either of these two cases, the negative pole of the power supply will be connected to any of the the pins labeled as GND. where the connection of a The 6-cell AA battery holder will look like you can see in the following image.
Finally, it can be said that you should use the VIN pin to power the Arduino with unregulated sources of direct current or with a set of AA or AAA batteries 4 to 6 batteries. If the power is supplied by battery, it is recommended that it be through this pin when batteries provide a quantity of 6 volts, since there is no protection diode here that can cause additional voltage drops.
Pin 5V
Finally, you can find what the power supply is through the 5V pin, just like the VIN it has two ways of using it, which we will show you below:
- The first one is that this pin works as a 5 volt output for other circuits. Thus, the 5 volt pin it connects directly to the regulator output on the board. When the Arduino is powered by USB cable or power jackthe output of 5 volts from the regulator or USB will be present on this pin.
- The other function of this is that it allows you to use the 5 volt pin for so directly feed the Arduino with a stabilized power source and regulated to 5 volts when there is no cable USB that is connected or in such a case a power adapter that is connected to the power jack.
Finally, at the time of power the arduino board through the 5V pin will not have no reverse polarity protection, either over voltage or another circuit, since all the protection mechanisms of the board are found before reaching this point in the circuit. This feeding method should only be used when planning to have…
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