has become in one of the most successful in the worldit was created mainly for students in the year 2005 in Italy, All of this was aimed at making electronics work easy, allowing all those interested in the area to experience what electronics is. creation of electronic projects to be used in the real world.
Therefore, to make use of this platform it is not necessary to have advanced knowledge in electronics nor be a successful programmer, since the idea arduino main is to facilitate all this to its maximum extent, thus allowing thousands of people to Create your own projects from home.
One of the keys to being successful here is knowing write instructions for him microcontroller in programming language, which may not be so easy for many. This is how here we are going to teach you a little more what it is the Arduino programming language and what are its fundamentalsTo do this, follow in detail each of the steps that we are going to teach you next in the post.
What is the Arduino programming language and what is it for in electronics?
In this case, it should be mentioned that the Arduino programming language is based on C++ and despite the fact that the reference of this programming language of Arduino is found in “Arduino”, today you can also use standard C++ commands in board programming.
This is how here we are going to show you which are the most outstanding characteristics of C:
- It is considered as the programming language general purpose that is associated to the UNIX operating system.
- It is a middle level languagel, it has basic objectives such as numbers, characters, bits, memory addresses, among others.
- Bill with a big portability.
- It is used for system programming. as it is text editors, construction of interpreters, compilers, among others.
C++ he is considered like one that was designed in the mid 80’s by Bjarne Stroustrup, it was created with the intention of extending this C language with mechanisms that allow to carry out the manipulation of objects. According to this, and with the views of object-oriented languages, the C++ It is considered as a hybrid language.
As time went by, generic programming facilities were added, all this was added to the other two paradigms that were already supported. (Object-oriented programming and structured programming). That is why it is understood that C++ is a language of multiparadigm programming and currently there is a standard that is known as ISOC++.
C# it’s a Microsoft proprietary language which is responsible for mixing basic features of C++ simplifying them java style and at the same time offering a framework. Finally, it should be mentioned that C# is part of the .NET platform
What other languages is the programming of the Arduino boards based on?
The team in charge of Arduino created their own language to program this card, this language is found based on Wiring. This is all about a framework, This is a kind of template, structure or technologically-based conceptual scheme that allows working in a much simpler way and is also of open source for programming microcontrollers.
Let’s see in more detail:
wiring
It is written in programming languages C and C++, it is from there where the syntax of both is quite similar. The main advantage obtained by using this framework is the great variety of microcontrollers it supports, since he himself is capable of support microcontrollers which are used by Arduino board families.
Finally, like the Wiring count with one SDI which is based on processing that allows to carry out the programming of the microcontrollers. Therefore, one should simply go to the official website of wiring and download this development environment, it is available for Linux, Windows and Mac operating systems.
processing
to be able to give instructions and write the code on the microcontroller or development board an environment is necessary. These environments are known as “Integrated Development Environment” or as it is also known by its abbreviation SDI and which is defined as an integrated development environment.
In the case of Arduino IDEknown as the program where the code is written, is developed by a programming language that is known as processing. Therefore, Processing is a , it is used mainly to carry out the development of digital design multimedia projects.
C/C++ language
As mentioned above, the language of Arduino based on wiring and which is also based on C/C++. Which allows working with a project in Arduino, but it is necessary to have knowledge about the C language. keep in mind that not all functions of this language are used, but the structure types and variables are used.
Nevertheless, the advantage offered by C is that it is a medium-level language, it allows efficient management of all the resources of the microcontroller and it is also a compiled language that allows you to create a file so that it can later be loaded into microcontroller.
Arduino IDE Meet the development environment for OpenSource hardware!
The Arduino IDE or as it is also known “Integrated development environment” is a computer program that is composed of a set of programming toolsthis can be dedicated exclusively to a single programming language or it can be used by several types of languages.
In this way, the IDE has become the programming environment that has been packaged as an application program, which means that it is a code editor, a compiler, a debugger, and a builder graphical interface (GUI). In the case of the plate Arduino the tools are incorporated to load the program already compiled in the flash memory of the hardware.
In this way, it can be said that the Arduino IDE It is the working tool with Arduino so it is necessary to know how it works. In the case of arduino programs These are made up of a single file with the extension “Info”, although it is also possible to organize them in different files. In the case of the main file, it must always be found in a folder with the same name as the file.
Finally, it should be mentioned that before version 1.x the extension was used “pde”, but at the time of switching to this version there were major changes, which is why it must be taken into account if using the old code. It should also be mentioned that the IDE is completely free and it’s possible download from the official Arduino site and as for his installation process It is quite simple, so you will not have any complications.
Fundamentals of Arduino programming. What are the most important ones you should know?
Arduino programming It has several fundamentals that are important to know and apply, since they will help you achieve better results when working on this platform, which is why we are going to teach you below. What are the most important fundamentals that you should know about Arduino programming.
To do this, follow each of the following aspects in detail:
Syntax
In the case of programming languages it is required to have a syntaxit is the one that will allow communication with the compiler. The compiler’s job is read the code and translate it to machine code so that he understands microcontroller. In this way, it can be said that the compiler will need all the information that reaches it to be perfect, since this will be the only way that it be able to read and translate the code.
Comments
The comments are just notes that the programmer leaves inside the code, this helps you understand much of that code. It is important that in this case it is not a question of making an extensive report of something related to the code, but of something descriptive that helps to understand its operation. It should be mentioned that it is a fundamental part when a program is being written for Arduino.
However, it must be borne in mind that comments are not compileddoes not translate to machine codeso every time the compiler encounters a comment, that line is skipped.
There are currently two ways to write a comment, such as the following:
// this is a comment Int myvariable =0;
Everything that is to the right of the double slash (//) is considered as a comment and is grayed out.
In this case, the Arduino IDE will take care of modifying the color to indicate that it is a comment:
/* This is a comment */ Int my variable = 0;
There is another way to place a comment and placing /* to open and */ to close. In this way, everything that exists between these two opening and closing marks is considered as a comment. As it is a comment, it will change to a gray color.
Semicolon
In the C++ programming language, the semicolon (;) is like a semicolon. This means that said symbol indicates that what is being said is that a sequence has been finished and from that moment something new has been commented without relation to the above at the syntax level.
Let’s see:
// this is a comment Int variable = 0:
From semicolon supplied in the previous line, the compiler interprets everything typed as a new statement, which will have nothing to do with the previous one. Therefore, at this point it is already possible to perform a test to see how the compiler acts.
To do this you must access a new program in the Arduino IDE and copy the following code, for this it is not necessary to connect the board to the computer:
//No semicolon Int variable1 = 0 void setup() { // Insert your code here; } void loop() { //Put your main code here, so it runs repeatedly: }
Then you must click on the “Verify” button, this is the first direct access to the editor:
Sketch_may29a:4: error: expected ‘,’ or ‘;’ before ‘void’ Void setup() { Exit status 1 Expected ‘,’ or ‘;’ before ‘void’
As you can see, here appears the first mistake. In order to solve it, it is important to analyze it. If you look at the message area you can see that the error appears in English, but it is very descriptive, “Expected” “,” “Or” “, “ “before void”, This means that you must place a comma or a period and as before the word void.
Let’s see:
Sketch_may29a:4: error: expected ‘,’ or ‘;’ before ‘void’ Void setup() { Exit status 1 Expected ‘,’ or ‘;’ before ‘void’
Finally, in the editor a red strip will appear…
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