gTLD: Generic Top Level Domain
gTLDs are generic top-level domains, and in this group we can find the most well-known and common extensions that can be registered as .com, .net, .org, etc
Initially, gTLD extensions were aimed at creating a specific type of website, for example .org for organizations, .net for technology companies, or .edu for educational organizations. This orientation today has a more anecdotal character, since the use of extensions such as .com has become widespread for all types of projects and only in some cases is the relationship between the extension and its original objective maintained.
In 2011 ICANN started allowing new extensions of domain with which, for example, certain companies and organizations got their own extension of domain as .google, .oracle, .lawyer, .academy, etc.
were also created new gTLDs aimed at very specific geographical areas (GeoTLD) such as .paris, .berlin either .Barcelona; or to specific sectors such as .shop or .online.
Parts of a domain
A web domain is made up of two parts. The first part called domain name is the name we want to give to our website, the second part called domain extension refers to a geographic location like .es ( Spain ), .mx ( Mexico ), etc., or a specific web type such as .org ( organizations ), .net ( technological ).
- Domain name: Webcompany
- Domain extension: .com
¿How do domains work?
The domains are used to access a web page without remembering the IP address where the server information is located.
When we write in the browser Webempresa.com to access the web, DNSs are responsible for translating the web domain to the correct IP address.
This translation is done in order to remember to improve the address of a website, since a domain name is more identifiable than a numeric string and thus help make navigation easier.
Domain types
TLDs: Top level domains
Domain levels are separated by dots and start counting from right to left, and the domain name must be differentiated from the extensions.
TLD is the first level, what is to the right of the point and generally First-level extensions have been differentiated between generic and territorial ( gTLD and ccTLD ). For a few years there have also been sponsored ones ( sTLD ) etc.
Top level domains are those with first level extensions ( top level ), whether generic or territorial.
In a top level domain or TLD, the extension is the first level and the domain name is the second level.
Then there are extensions like .com.es that are extensions of two levels ( 1o and 2o ) but that give rise to domains of the third level, because the domain name is on the third level of the domain.
gTLD: Generic top level domain
GTLDs are generic top level domains, and in this group we can find the best known and common extensions that can be registered as .com, .net, .org, etc.
The extensions of the gTLDs in the beginning were aimed at creating a specific type of website, for example the .org for organizations, .net for technology companies, or .edu for educational organizations. This orientation today has a more anecdotal character, since the use of extensions such as has become widespread .com for all types of projects and only in some cases is the relationship between the extension and its original objective maintained.
In 2011 ICANN began to allow new extensions of domain with which, for example, certain companies and organizations got their own extension domain as .google, .oracle, .lawyer, .academy, etc.
They were also created new gTLDs directed at very specific geographic areas ( GeoTLD ) as .paris, .berlin, or .barcelona; or to specific sectors such as .shop or .online.
ccTLD: Top level domain country code
The ccTLDs domains are the territorial top level domains, and they are oriented to a particular geographic space. Some of them are the .es, .fr, .jp, etc.
These domains are focused on a territory and not on a specific language. As an example of territorial domain we would have the extensions corresponding to Spain ( .es ), Mexico ( .mx ) or France ( .fr ).
sTLD
The sponsored sTLDs or top-level domains are domains geared towards a particular organization or sector. These types of domains are not managed by ICANN, but their management has been transferred to private organizations.
Examples of sTLDs domains are .travel ( sponsored by Tralliance Corporation ), .tel ( sponsored by TelNic Ltd ) or .aero ( sponsored by SITA ).
Third level domains
Another less common type of extension is second level. These domains are made up of the sum of two extensions, one from a gTLD and one from a ccTLD, giving rise to third level domains.
An example of a second level domain extension would be .com.es, .org.uk, .com.mx, .gob.ar, etc.
Subdomains
Subdomains are domains that we create from our own domain.
In the case of webempresa.com a subdomain would be guides.webempresa.com.
These types of domains are especially useful for testing or in the case of having a generic domain such as .com for the global web, and then several subdomains for territorial websites such as es.dominio.com, uk.dominio.com, de.dominio.com, etc.
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