At this point, it is impossible to deny that computing is one of the sciences that has the greatest impact on our lives. It’s amazing how we’ve become so dependent on it in less than a century.
The importance of computing is reflected in each digital advance that has allowed us to make our lives as easy as possible,yes how to stay communicated instantly no matter how far we are from our listener.
If you are very interested in this science, then you will know the most important concepts and terms of the sameso that you know each and every one of them in detail.
What is computing and what are its characteristics? Concept and definition
Although it is complex to compress everything that computing does for humanity, in a few words, the concept that best fits is: science that studies the ways of collecting, storing, processing and transmitting information in an automated way.
To make it, An engineer uses devices (hardware) and combines it with orders (software) that execute the tasks necessary to fulfill the functions of computing.. In this article you will find a complete list of terms that you need to know to better understand everything that this science does to make life easier for you.
What are the fundamental terms and concepts of computer science?
In this section we leave you the main terms that you should know and that will help you when talking to your personal technician and understand how he explains what is wrong with your desktop or laptop computer. And if you plan to study Computer Engineering or Informatics, This is a necessary guide that you should have on hand..
When the obtaining, storage, processing and transmission of information depends almost entirely on computers, then we speak of a computer system. Human resources are essential in any computer systemwell, every computer requires data to be entered into your system through like keyboards and mouse.
Once the data is entered, the computer does almost everything on its own and ultimately triggers hundreds of other systems or the cycle ends in such as printers, projectors, speakers, or CD or DVD burners.
Depends on the country you are in. it is called computador (Latin America) or computers (Europe). It is a machine that processes orders to carry out an endless number of tasks that make human life easier. It is one of the most popular inventions in history and one that is constantly evolving. As the programs (software) advance, they demand more capacities than the devices (hardware) Why do you think there is always a smartphone of the year?
It is one or more computer programs that execute tasks within a computer system. They are activities previously programmed by a human resource and that according to some values, they choose to do one or another specific action. Web pages are programmed in several languages, smartphones in another specific language, and computers as well. They have their own programming language.
It is a system that brings together hundreds of programs that manage the different components of a computer or any electronic equipment, such as televisions, washing machines and the latest generation vehicles. It is responsible for managing fast and permanent memory, correctly distributing the processing of activities and channeling all orders. that you do every moment. To avoid crashing, this system distributes tasks in the foreground and background, depending on what you are doing at that moment..
It is the tangible of a computer system: hard drive, processor, USB port. Those by themselves do not work, that is where the work of programs or software comes in. As a curious fact, the term was used for the first time at the end of the 16th century when referring to metal and resistant objects in the hardware industry. In the 1940s, it became essential to distinguish between the physical and intangible components.
It is the intangible in an operating system, the orders written by a human resource to be executed. The programs use a specific language depending on where they work. By itself, the programs also do not work. It is as if you spoke only with the buccal cords. It would be impossible! You also need the tongue, the teeth and the lips.
There are positive and beneficial programs for humanity. Is it so worms, spyware, adware and trojans. They are programs that 80% are intended for the Windows operating system.
Complete List of Computer Concepts You Should Know
Now you will know a complete glossary of what you need to know to be a computer expert:
A
DHW
Is a Access Control List (ACS) and it has several functions such as limiting network traffic to improve performance and provides a basic level of security for entering a network. It also allows filtering of data traffic, for example, if you want mail to take precedence over social media. Finally, it allows and denies access to different network services.
It is a protocol for transmitting digital data. and access the Internet. Its use arises from the use of the same cable that you use to make telephone calls and now to connect to a network. To make it work, there must be an active telephone line with a modulation system that separates the voice frequency from the navigation data.
It is confused with the speed of the Internet connection. Bandwidth is the amount of data that can be sent over a connection., in a certain period. If you have several computers and cell phones connected in your home and office, you will surely need more bandwidth.
When we talk about a client, it can actually be one or several, everyone has the power to make inquiries and request the services of a server. A server is a data repository and must handle the various requests from clients. The final purpose is to maintain communication between one or several stations with the clients that access the data.
ARP
This protocol is important to transmit data in Ethernet networks: first because IP packets can only be sent with the help of an address hardware to the destination hosts, but cannot receive physical addresses on its own. The ARP protocol has its own caching mechanism that makes it easy to get physical addresses.
It is a standard American information exchange code. It is used to convert a character naturally using clear rules and that it belongs to another kind of system with meanings. His ultimate goal is facilitate the storage and processing of information by a computer.
ATM
It’s a Asynchronous Transfer Mode which arises from the need to transfer large files at high speed. It establishes two types of connections: permanent virtual connections, in which it is carried out by extreme mechanisms through the network manager. Y switched virtual connections in which the connections are made with a signaling protocol automatically.
B.
They are the methods in which two or more signals share a single transmission channel. It is the sending of symmetrical data of various information packets. The broadband directly affects the speed with which data is sent on a networksince it establishes the limit of information that can be transported simultaneously by it.
In computers, numbers are represented only by the digits one and zero. With this system, computers work at their most primitive level, with two voltage levels. Binary refers to any system that is made up of two parts, two signs or any other pair..
It’s a little application installed on the motherboard of every computer, where all the options of this board are configured. It is one of the most basic input/output systems, locating the operating system and loading it into RAM.
It is the smallest unit that can be transmitted. His presence represents an electronic impulse. A byte is eight continuous bits. It is also the basic measure for memory, storing the equivalent of one character.
bit per second
Network administrators measure by the bpsBits per Second, the data speed in a network connection. As network speeds increase, it becomes easier to refer to them in thousands (kilo), millions (mega), or billions (giga) of units.
Bluetooth is a short-range radio wave communication technology for low-power devices that appears in the year 1994. This allows the transfer of information (both voice and data) between devices over short distances. For this it is uses a radio frequency link which occurs, initially, in the ISM band, at 2.4 GHz.
Bug
is spanish means “bugger”, it’s annoying error or defect in a computer program that causes execution failures and its operation. The term was used by Thomas Edison to refer to a failure (Bug) in his inventions.
It is the equivalent of 8 bits (Binary Digit). It began to be used by Werner Buchholz, in 1957. This measure is only used in computing and telecommunications. Most data in computing is measured in bytes, with the exception of the data transmission speed of a network, which is expressed in bits. In this sense, the units of bytes are always expressed with a capital letter B, while bits are expressed with a lower case b.
C.
It is used to transmit data and has two conductors separated by a layer of dielectric insulation. was created for facilitate high frequency transmission and protect transmission from electromagnetic transfers.
Its usefulness is linked to Internet browsing. They are small text files that are stored locally and contain personalized data of a client or user.. Contrary to what you think, they are not used to store personal identity data of users.
It is a term related to video and audio, is a program that compresses and processes video and audio data to be transmitted and received by a decoder. A good codec guarantees maximum quality during audio and video playback at a low weight of said file.
D.
It is what allows the operation of the Internet on your computer to be easier, faster and quieter. It is a dynamic host configuration protocol that assigns IP addresses and applies other parameters that allow a connection.
It is the unique address that a server or computer has. The same happens on the Internet, there is an identification for each network device or server. At this level, IP addresses are just a bunch of numbers that are hard for the end user to memorize.
It is a domain name system, thought more for the end user, since it gives a name (domain) and extensions to the web pages. Since there are classic IP addresses like “216.58.217.36” and alphanumeric addresses like “2400:cb00:2048:1::c629:d7a2”, imagine memorizing this to…
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