【 History of Computer Science 】 Most Important Events and Facts ▷ 2022

Computing is one of the most useful areas today, its use It is not only limited to our homes, Also, it has reached the industries, education and even for official use by governments.

We know what their utilities are, as well as the benefits they bring us, but Do you know how computer science started? Surely you will have a minimal notion of how was the beginningHowever, so that you learn all the most important facts of the story, we will show you a summary of it.

In this article, we will teach you how the evolution of computing not only benefited its main goalsthat during the reading you will understand that they were not for daily use at the beginning, but also that they covered areas that their creators did not even imagine.

What is computer science and what are the main characteristics of this information science?

Computer science is one of the sciences that has revolutionized the world, marking a positive footprint since its birth. This branch of engineering deals with the , the data and all its transformations. computing resources They are elements that we have used on a daily basis consciously or unconsciously in our livesdetail that allows us to quickly understand any concept related to this topic.

You surely know what hardware is, since these are the tangible parts of all our computer equipment. In other words they are the most important elements of a computer, because without them you could not appreciate the physical parts, such as , phones, , DVD players, and more. But well, they are very important does not indicate that it is the only thing that allows computing to develop, since, these are interconnected by means of electronic components.

Since you know that the union of electronic components and software are part of the study of computing, we can reach a conclusion where this science It is much broader than we imagine. Thanks to her Technological advances could be developed that benefited human healththey facilitated the work and engineering has been better mixed with any other science, and in the future it will be the advancement of history.

History of computing What have been the most important events from its creation to the present day?

computer science started since man wanted to make his life easier, being the origin of all machines the “big chinese abacus”, where this tablet with varying sizes of rectangular shape was divided by different columns, counted from the right.

The Abacus was widely used to perform any mathematical subtraction and addition operation., just by moving its perforated pieces joined together by a wooden axis. This instrument that allowed a future advancement of computing, was created 300 years before Christ, the term Abacus being a synonym for arithmetic.

As the needs were increasing the wit too, important events were witnessed for technological evolution, being in the seventeenth centurywhen the French scientist Blaise Pascal invented a machine used for calculations.

Although it did not involve other mathematical operations than those of the Abacus, its ease of use was its outstanding feature:

first calculators

The device created by Pascal, was the basis for computer evolutionallowing the German Leibnitz to adapt his ideas and innovations to them, and it was in the 18th century when this developed a machine that also included among its operations the use of products and quotient. These machines entered the market in the 19th century, being the first calculating machines.

In this same century an important English mathematician named Babbage built what in his time was known as the “Analytical Engine”, that allowed any mathematical operation to be carried out, it was even integrated with a memory where a thousand fifty-digit numbers were stored.

Among its different characteristics, auxiliary functions were also included, which made it the most notorious advance of that moment, although it continued to be mechanical, a detail that limited it in some ways. The development of electronics, in the 20th century, it was the engine that computing needed to do a 360º turn achieving advances never seen before in their times.

It was at this time that it was discovered that machines could better help the replace its parts such as rods and gears with electric drives. From the base of the calculators united in conjunction with the electronics, The first computers were created, although well, its birth was given during the Second World War. This team got by name Mark I, and its functions and features were basic, relying on fully mechanical switches.

Leaving aside the war, also, computers were created for more practical purposes, whose name was Eniac, being its development in 1944 when it was believed that the figure of a computer could facilitate many management jobs.

But the true birth of the computer was in 1951 where they developed the Univac I and Univac II, where access was allowed to all common people, and with a more universal approach. Time after computer engineeringallowed the development of other generations of computers.

This generation of computers They were developed from the year 1940 to 1952, whose machines were characterized by being composed of an electronic system of vacuum valves and a programming language that the machine could interpret. The program used for these computers only counted on that they would allow the machine to perform simple tasks, being the easiest machine language of all time. The writing of the program was done by means of a set of binary codes.

Now, if we make a short summary of the evolution of the computers of this first generation, we would obtain the following list:

• 1938: The first electromechanical machine, known by the name Z1, named after the German Konrad Zuse, where its creation was criticized because it was said that it was only for use in wars, since its birth was in World War II.
• 1939: It was in this year that the Z2 was born, involving usability improvements, such as a better mono-process system and ease of use.
• 1941: Actually this was the first machine with 90% operability using relays, known as Z3.
• 1944: This year was the birth of ENIAC, the first electronic digital computer recorded in the computer timeline, although it was not a model that was fully commercialized, since its design was experimental. This enormous equipment could occupy up to an entire basement, and although it was not programmable, it was the closest to reality, built with 18,000 vacuum tubes, where energy consumption was enormous and its weight was approximately 30 tons.
• [1945: Birth of the Z4, where its design focused on a solution for documentation and calculations, being fully commercialized in 1950.
• 1949: Leaving the “Z” series aside, EDVAC was born, a programmable computer, being the second computer after the Z4, including in its design an architecture that was the basis for the creation of current computers.
• 1951: This year UNIVAC I was the first commercial computer to be sold, although according to history there is a controversy because the Mark I had some advantages in the market for months, but in terms of features they were very similar.
• 1953: When the need to enter data increased, further advances were made with electronics by obtaining punch cards, causing a huge impact in the industrial revolution for the 18th century, where the computer with the name of IBM 701, belonged to the series of computers number one on the market in its time.
• 1954: IBM continued with a constant advance, creating other models with important mechanisms and functions in the world of computer management, whose magnetic disk, also called a magnetic drum, provided great value in the mass storage mechanism of information.
• 1955: Closing with the first generation, the ZUSE Z22 was created by Kontad Zuse, where electronics with the mechanism of vacuum tubes and a machine language allowed a computer for a more commercial use.

this generation started in 1955, however there are some sources that indicate that it started a few years before, making 1952 as the reference year, until 1964. It was in this generation where the valves were moved by electronic transistors.

Along with this generation of computers, too, came the creation of programmable systems and languages, known as Cobol and Fortran, where the language was interpreted and converted by the computer into a machine language. The second generation computers were characterized by being smaller than the previous ones, due to that had more electronic partsin addition to the fact that its consumption of electrical energy was much lower.

Below we will highlight some of the most important events in the history of computing and the evolution of the second generation of computers:

• 1959: It was the year where Maurice Wilkes invented microprogramming, this being the way to create algorithms and functions in a much simpler computer, simplifying the development of CPUs.
• 1959: IBM created a sending mechanism where it used punch cards, converting a simple computer to one with a more general purpose, including a 4000 character magnetic memory core, along with later research it was extended to 16000 characters.
• 1960: This year IBM launched the first scientific computer on the market, where it was based on transistors and perforated cards, improving its previous characteristics, passing its magnetic core to 60,000 decimal digits, naming the computer as IBM 1620.
• 1962: Together with computer engineering, the first computer game known as Spacewar was created. In that same year, DEC also launched the first computer aimed at scientific development in laboratories.
• 1964: The last event of this generation was the announcement of IBM, where it notifies the world of its catalog of computers, each one had different speeds and capacities, so the cost was affected according to those characteristics.

As for the third generation that was given between 1964 and 1971was when integrated circuits were included in greater depth, drastically impacting the high costs of a computer, as well as the space, increasing the processing capacity. The improvement in programming languages ​​was another of the characteristics that were taken as the computer evolution for its time, also emerging utility programs.

Robert Noyce and Jack Kilby They dedicated part of their lives to the invention of integrated circuits, being in the last years of the 1950s when it was concluded that this development was a success. Time after Ted…