Definition of telecommunication networks
Currently, telecommunications move the world in many ways. Although many do not know what they are, the used daily for various daily tasks that are essential in the modern world we know today. In this sense, computer networks play a fundamental role since many are the basis of communications worldwide.
What are computer networks? Definition and meaning
It is known as computer networks network of elements that communicate with each otherwired or , to create a short or long distance information exchange system. These networks are not very different from human communication systems, since they are also made up of a sender, a receiver, a message and a channel through which the latter is transmitted.
It could be said that these are the way in which machines communicate with each other through either to jointly execute a series of processes that are necessary to execute an action. Everything you do, down to the smallest click on your computer, generates a message and therefore a response from the system, which allows the desired task to be carried out later.
Computer networks are the basis of the digital world we know today; from the connections between one or more computers, to the internet itself, which is a huge global network that can connect to all the computers in the world in a short time. You will then understand that this concept is essential for the functioning of the world as we currently know it.
How many types of computer networks are there?
Throughout history, different types of computer networks have been developed, the main objective of which has been to streamline the communication process between computers. The most important types that we can rescue will be mentioned below.
LAN
The either Local Area Network are those that connect to two or more computers in the same specific geographic location that is usually within the same computer system.
Although these have a clear scope limitation, they can be faster and more stable than other systems, as well as being able to support up to 1000 users on the same network. An example of these are those that we can find in the departments of a company, or in those of a cyber cafe to play Counter Strike.
WAN
The either Wide Area Network are those that They are created from the union of several local networks (LAN) for effective communication between them. These are used both by companies to connect their databases between one franchise and another, even though they are in different cities or countries, as well as by internet providers to establish the access points for your connection. That is why your router has a WAN cable input.
MAN
The either Metropolitan Area Networks are those that allow high-speed communication between various local or wide area networks. These are used to provide broadband due to its high speed for the transmission of voice, image and data of all kinds. They are characterized by allowing the integration of several networks in a wide geographical area, being able to reach speeds of up to 10 MBPS with copper pairs and up to 10GB with .
Wi-Fi
The or wireless local area networks are those LAN networks that can be created from connections by remote signals free of cables. When you make the LAN connection through a WiFi router, you are converting said network into a WLAN.
WMAN
Like the previous one, these are nothing more than a wireless version of MAN networks, which can reach very acceptable speeds with the difference that the connection between the devices is made without the need to use cables of any kind.
BREAD
personal area networks or Personal Area Networks They are those that make up a communication system between the devices of the same user. Thus, a person can modify or manage aspects of all their teams from a single one.
BAN
The By its name in English Body Area Network, it is a type of network that the small and low power devices that we use in our body use to communicate. Thus, we deduce that they are the ones with the least range.
The devices that use this are headphones, visors, microphones, smart watches, smartphones, glasses, nanobots, telematic bracelets… BANs are also used by those that are implanted and used for medical purposes such as hearing aids, valves or pacemakers.
SAINT
storage networks or Storage Area Networks are those dedicated to creating a storage system that can be accessed to obtain certain information. These are used as databases so that large companies can have greater control of their resources and all the teams that make it up have access to it. These in turn can contain other types of networks such as WAN or MAN to speed up the speed of data transmission.
DOG
A refers to a network that connects various LANs in a specific geographic space. Its concept is very similar to that of the metropolitan area network, but the latter is much broader.
So that you understand it graphically, imagine the LAN network as a residential complex, the CAN network would be the sector of the city in which said group is located and the metropolitan network would be the entire city.
VPN
acronyms in english “. This refers to a computer network technology whose main characteristic is to serve as a secure extension to a LAN that is located on another uncontrolled network.
In this way, a computer that is connected to this network will be able to send and receive information over other networks, whether public or shared, in the same way as if it were part of a private networkincluding its management policies, its security and its functionality.
Types of computer network topologies, their advantages, disadvantages and examples
The architecture with which they are designed is known as network topology. for transmitting data from one computer to another. That is, it is the entire framework of processes that make up the network as such. This term encompasses both the physical composition (cables and hardware) and the logic (internal processes) of the network.
Each of the networks mentioned above has its own topology, which adapts according to the needs of the network. Although these can also be designed with different topologies according to the needs of the same.
P2P
Many people think that this is a new technology that is revolutionizing the world, but the truth is that it is the most basic and oldest network topology in the world. It is known as to the one that connect one point to another. Yes, as simple as it sounds. However, this concept is essential for telephone communications today. In fact is so important that all other known topologies are derivatives of it..
A clear example of this type of network would be the one achieved by connecting two metal cups with a thread. That’s right, when you do this you are creating a P2P network in which each end can be both transmitter and receiver.
Bus
This is a topology that it is based on a PtP network with the difference that it tries to create a permanent link between both pointscreating a constant flow of communication. An example of this would be a telephone in a department of a large company that can be directly connected to that of another department.creating at that moment a stable connection in which both can be receivers-transmitters at the same time.
switched
Switched networks are the most basic form of conventional telephone communication. This is nothing more than a dynamic P2P network that is activated at the time of data transmission (when calling) and deactivated when it ends (when hanging up the call).
Convergent
These use the same concept as the previous ones with the difference that can transmit both audio and video data. An example of these would be video calls that we can make through platforms such as Skype, Facebook, Hangouts and similar.
in star
This topology is characterized by support data transmission in a central node to which the other nodes in the network are connectedeach of them being able to obtain information from this one by one or all at the same time.
The advantage of this architecture is that a more stable network is achieved and the margin of error is reduced, since in case one of the secondary nodes failed, the others will be able to continue operating without any problem. In addition, it also allows you to add new equipment to the network more easily.
The disadvantage of this system is that all the weight of communications and information traffic falls on a central node, which must always be operational for the network to remain functional. An example of this architecture can be seen in LAN networks, which are characterized by having a switch connected to a switch that transmits the information to the other nodes.
in tree
The tree architecture is one of the most used currently. Like the previous one, this one starts in a main transmitter node that branches out as more nodes are added to the entire network. The difference between one and the other is that the central node function can be distributed among several members of the network, which makes it more stable and reliable since in case one of these fails, there will always be more than one backup to execute the functions of this.
The tree architecture is used to connect different topologies into a single larger network, so that the network can contain switched, star, converged, and bus networks. The only drawback with this is that if a node fails, it is completely isolated and if this is a main node, all the branches that come from it are isolated.
Protocols of computer networks or telecommunications. What are they and what characteristics do they have?
Another fundamental aspect of computer networks is the . These are a series of parameters that must be fulfilled so that the communication between the nodes of the network can be effective. These parameters are governed by what is known as OSI layerswhich are part of the model of the same name that the ISO established in 1970 for network connections.
This model consists of 7 layers that are made up of individual protocols that interact with each other to ensure that network communication is effective.. Nevertheless, the user only interact with 2 of them; the physical and the application, which are in the first and seventh layers respectively.
talk about all would be very extensive, so we will mention the seven layers and their main function without delving into the protocols that compose them as well as the among others. without a doubt the new It will give a lot to talk about. One of those that is always present when you use the Internet is the .
Layer 1: physical layer
It is responsible for providing the means…
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