【AD HOC NETWORK】What is it? + Advantages and Disadvantages ▷ 2022

At the Computer Level

At the computer level, a network refers to the interconnection, through devices, of a certain number of computers or networks, regardless of redundancy. This allows them to send and receive data packets, share their resources, and operate as an organized whole through electronic impulses, electromagnetic waves, or other physical means.

Wireless Networks

A wireless network connects nodes by electromagnetic waves, eliminating the need for a physical or wired connection. One of the most well-known types is Ad-Hoc networks, which are decentralized and support direct access to different nodes.

Due to its importance, it’s worth understanding the intriguing aspects of an Ad-Hoc network, including its main features, uses, components, benefits, and disadvantages.

What is a wireless Ad-Hoc Network?

Basically, an Ad-Hoc wireless network is a type of decentralized network that is characterized by being point to point. Its nodes can communicate with each other independently of a fixed infrastructure. It’s not subjected to pre-existing infrastructure like wired networks or access point networks.

Within an Ad-Hoc network, each node participates in routing by forwarding data to other nodes. This dynamic routing is based on the network’s connectivity. All nodes have the same state and are free to link with any other device within their range.

Since there is no fixed structure, there’s no need for a router. Communication is facilitated by the Ad-Hoc network components themselves.

These types of networks are primarily used in domestic environments, for file sharing between devices without Internet access, and can be implemented in emergencies.

Main Characteristics of an AD HOC Network

Next, we’ll mention the main characteristics of an Ad-Hoc network:

They are based on a system known as “Ad-Hoc mode”, allowing nodes to move freely.
It’s possible to connect more than one laptop to an Ad-Hoc network as long as they are configured for Ad-Hoc mode and linked to the same SSID.
There’s always an absence of infrastructure, meaning no centralized entity is required.
They have a variable topology, allowing nodes to move and establish new links.
Autonomy is limited due to device portability and battery life.
Bond breaks (disconnections) are common due to mobile nodes.

AD HOC Network vs. Standard WiFi

Infrastructure

Ad-Hoc mode does not require a centralized access point. It’s a decentralized network.
Standard WiFi works in infrastructure mode, requiring communication through an access point (wireless router).

Configuration

Ad-Hoc networks are easier to configure for temporary networks.
Standard WiFi requires more advanced configuration for permanent networks.

Other Differences

AD HOC Network	Standard Wi-Fi
Handle dynamic topology changes	Typically do not respond well to dynamic changes
No built-in encryption or security	Offers strong protocol security and encryption
No built-in service discovery	Service discovery is always part of the protocol

Which is better?

The choice between Ad-Hoc mode and WiFi Standard depends on the specific use case. For direct data transfer between computers without Internet access, Ad-Hoc is preferable. For creating a permanent network, accessing a conventional Wi-Fi network is recommended.

Uses of AD HOC Network

Due to their decentralized nature, Ad-Hoc networks find applications where central nodes are not required. Here are some main uses:

Sharing files or data directly with multiple computers simultaneously.
Sharing an Internet connection from one computer to another.
Emergency situations such as natural disasters or armed conflicts.
Domestic applications like information transfer via Bluetooth or between devices (e.g., printers).
Sending files directly when no removable media is available.
Participating in multiplayer network games.

What is needed to create an AD HOC network? Main components

To create an Ad-Hoc network, you’ll need the following components:

Network interface board for each node.
Wireless network cards to connect nodes.
Workstations (computers or mobile devices).
Shared resources like printers.

No access point is required for this configuration.

Advantages and Limitations of AD HOC Network

Main Benefits

Due to the benefits that Ad-Hoc networks offer, it’s important to consider the advantages:

Easy configuration for temporary networks.
Efficient for direct data transfer without Internet access.
Suitable for emergency situations.
Useful for domestic applications.
Ideal for sending files without removable media.
Can be used for multiplayer network games.