programming is one of the broadest branches of computer science, making a good manipulation of their languages we can create any software, or web page. These are present everywhere on the Internet, as well as also in all the programs we run.
If you are new to this world of programming this post will help you a lotwhere we will show you the basics but most important before beginning to understand any programmatic code.
In the last section we will show you which are the most used programs, to be able to program any software from scratch. Although not all have the same functions, depending on what you are looking to do. They will serve you a lot.
What is computer programming and what is this technology for?
The programing it has many usesbut its main objective is to create software that can be executed on the computerto, or through some program.
To make a schedule some set of rules need to be establishedalong with small commands, instructions and expressions, which at first glance it tends to take on similarity to a bounded natural language.
In other words We can say that a schedule is composed of rules, parameters, rules, symbols, and keywords that are used to form a program. Such programs are created for the purpose of human usegiving solution to a problem raised.
Being the programmatic Language the responsible for the proper functioning of the programs. This creates a guide, so that the computer can respond positively to the software and follow the steps, without it crashing. These steps and commands They are known as algorithms, whose function is to guide the reading system what to do.
We can understand from the above that the programming language is the direct intermediary, between the computer and the user (us), being a reciprocal communication, solving all the problems raised with the use of the functions.
The functions are those that translate the information that has the program to the computer to carry out the proposed activities.
Programming Types
Next, we will show you some of the most common types of programming:
- Sequential Programming: It is known like this, because they are those programs that form and create designs with guidelines that go in sequence (one after the other), as well as Cobol, Basic, etc.
- structured programming: This is the type of programming that is designed by modules. Each of these are in charge of carrying out a special task, when an action is requested to be executed, the module in charge of executing it is called, such as Turbo Pascal, Ada, Modula.
- Object-oriented programming: Used by those languages implemented for the execution of a program code to each object within the programming.
- Logic or natural language programming: It is known like this, because the user can give orders with a natural language (example Prolog) so that the machine can execute it, designed with interfaces so that it is possible.
- Artificial intelligence programming: This is such a complex program that it can come close to human intelligence, capable of developing any knowledge. This type of language is the one that has been replacing some programs that need manual execution.
List of the most important concepts you should know about the science of programming
In order to program we need to handle many concepts, which is known as scientific language.
Today we will explain some of the most important terms when programming:
Programming language
Programming language is the system of symbols and rules used to build software for one or more computers. operate and can effectively solve the need or problems raised. These languages are actually one line of instructions that dictate input/output, computation, text manipulation, logic/compare, and store/retrieve operations.
The language of communication can be classified into:
- Machine Language: It is a type of language oriented to instructions that are assimilated directly by the computer, where it is not necessary to establish any translation so that the CPU can understand it and trigger the program. These instructions are expressed to a memory size smaller than the bit.
- Low Level Language: Also known as Assembler, it is the language written in alphabetic codes known as mnemonics, used in operations and symbolic directions.
- high level language: This is a language very similar to natural (human) language), is the one that dictates the instructions directly to the computer. Being this, written mostly in English, which facilitates a writing and understanding of what happens in the program.
Algorithms
When we talk about algorithm, we refer to a set of numbersthis name comes from the Latin of the Arabic word alkhowarizmi (this being the name of a mathematician and astronomer).
the algorithm shows us a set of procedures that must be executed to trigger actions in the specific order. In other words, it is in charge of executing the actions of a program ordered by an operator or user.
We can have a life algorithm, for example:
- Get out of bed.
- Take off clothes.
- Get a shower.
- Dress.
- Have breakfast.
The same thing happens in a computer, being this is the main actor of the orders, which must be fulfilled in a specific time. Programs are a set of algorithms already developed and ready to run. be used by the computer.
Source program
It is a concept that is used as a synonym for source codethat is, it is the one that works together with the algorithms to dictate instructions to a computer to be executed. Such are lines of texts written with a programming language capable of giving all the instructions of a certain base.
In a source program, or software is the one that details all the functions that must be executed, and a programmer is the one who develops these instructions. Both walk respecting the chosen programming languages.
It should be noted that despite the source program executes the instructions, it is not the one that is interpreted by the hardware, these are previously translated into a different language. The translation is performed by interpretersassemblers and compilers, which in addition to translating, also convert the source program in a binary code.
programming languages they are quite limitedbut the way it is structured are quite different, because vary by developer. These take the identity of who created it.
object program
It is so named that program that is in machine language, where it is automatically executed by it. Being the result of translating a source program, turning it into a language understandable enough for the machine.
Bill with specifically object-oriented programming (oops). It is the programming technique used for those objects in the form of essential building blocks, many consider that this type of programming is the closest to human reasoning, emerging as an excellent solution to the programming of great software.
Assembler
East is the term given to the type of computer program capable of translating a source file written in a programmatic language, into an object file. East, runs directly by a microprocessor that gives him all the resources so that he can carry out his work.
In other words, this program is responsible for completely disassembling a file and assembling it again, but substituting each of the mnemonic codes that appear in the corresponding opcode in a binary system. This is done with respect to the platform that was chosen as the destination with the determined parameters.
Types of assemblers
Assemblers are divided into two types:
- Basic Assemblers: They are named like this because they are low level and consist solely of offering symbolic names to instructions, parameters or other things such as modes.
- 32-bit modular assemblers: These are high-level assemblers, serving as an answer to the 32-bit processor architecture. Although it has the same abilities as the previous one, its compatibility is much higherand it can be used in quite complex programming structures.
Compiler
compilers are a type of translator, used to transform a (whole) program from a programming language to another, known as source code. Although normally the target language is machine code, it can translate it into an intermediate code or bytecode. You can also transform it into some necessary text at the moment.
Unlike the other translators or interpreters, compilers can put together different elements or fragments in the same unit, forming a library of them, to be later reused. Due to these processes, it is known as compilation.
The compilers are structured with various series or phases, which vary according to their complexity. They can mostly be grouped into two:
- Analysis of the source program.
- Synthesis of the object program.
The analysis takes care of check the correctness of the source program, depending on the language and the definition that it has of each of the terms. This process includes lexical analysis, syntactic analysis and semantic analysis.
In the second group, known as synthesis, mention is made of all the object languages that are made up of one or more combinations of code generation phases, also made up of a function that allows code optimization.
pseudocode
It is the algorithmic description language, Being a high level compact into informal of the operating principle of computer programs or some other algorithm.
pseudocodes use different structural conventionsdesigned for human readability, while other codes are machine interpretedfor this reason the pseudocodes are independent of any other communication language.
Mainly pseudocodes omit details they consider to be negligible, and useless to human understanding of the algorithm, system-specific codes may be variable. this language complete from anywhereassuming a natural description, using compact mathematical numbers.
A pseudocode is much easier to understand than a conventional programming language, because it is an efficient description, maintaining a totally independent environment of the fundamental principles of an algorithm.
Flowcharts
flowcharts They have different uses depending on their approach.. In programming, these represent a scheme of the steps that a program must have or must follow, where they represent the algorithms in a simpler way than the pseudocodes.
This is a method that helps us form the functioning…
Facebook Comments
Disqus