operating systems They play a big role today in our highly computerized society. Without them we could not do everything we do, since allow us to develop multitasking using a computer.
Although this is so simple today, and so broad in its different versions and types of operating systems (, ), began based on a very basic structure that it only allowed the execution of a single task. If you want to know a little more, we invite you to read below.
In this post you will find a brief history of operating systems and all their versions up to the one we know today. All these systems, despite being different and with different objectives, originated from the same mother known as .
What is an operating system and what is its main function on a computer?
The operating system is the main software that we must have installed on our computer, since without it it is as if we did not have an active computer.
Essential to be able to install programs, operating systems are also in charge of giving a correct function of the drivers so they can recognize the hardware. example of this They are the , mouse, cameras and others.
Sometimes operating systems have much greater responsibility, for example, that of the traffic police, which ensures that the programs and users are working correctly and at the same time. Also can be used for securityso that outsiders cannot access private information, and so on.
What was the first operating system that existed? Who and why was it created?
what we know today as computing comes from a constant evolution through time. The first steps were taken after World War IIin the mid 40’sa time when there was not even the term ‘Operating System’.
back then programmers communicated through computerswho had a machine language, programming only with 0s and 1s. Then in the 1950s, it began to emerge the concept of Operating Systemspecifically in 1956, used for an IBM 704 computer, which basically only allowed other programs to run on it.
This system evolved again, in the 60s, creating a modification of the initial operating system to one that allowed multitasking or multiuse, being in this same decade when UNIX appeared, What is the main base of operating systems?.
In the 70s the personal computer was born, with an operating system created by means of the C programming languagebeing this the evolution of UNIX.
As a consequence of that, in the 80s operating systems such as MacOS, , and Windows. In competition, new companies joined in the creation of new systems and linux was bornthis being already in the 90s, which later joined the GNU project, which It is a completely free operating system.
UNIX What was the impact of this OS in the history of Computing?
As we already mentioned, Unix was not the first operating system, but it is the one that had the most impact on society and on the evolution of operating systems. He was specifically born in 1969, created by Ken Thompson, Dennis Ritchie and Rudd Canaday, among others.
At first it was baptized as UNICS, but because it failed it was modified to UNIX, developed by AT&T Bell Laboratories and General Electric, although its first release was somewhat discriminated against for being an expensive and slow operating system.
Over time, UNIX was used as a prototype by the University of California at Berkeley to release a more up-to-date version. Later, Windows work with UNIX, although it says that I work with DOS.
Microsoft created a version of UNIX for them, called XENIX, with the purpose of using it in microcomputers, slightly smaller equipment and some machines of that time. This version was released in 1980, with constant updates until 1989. Later Microsoft decided to work with DOS, which helped it to improve your architecture of the system and significantly increase your sales.
Just as it happened with Windows, it happened but a little differently with Linux, which was rewritten from scratch with the aim of a completely free architecture, which could be adapted to devices and computers.
LINUX uses MINIX and UNIX as support to create your systemwhere it was given the name MINUX, until Richard Stallman’s GNU project was later born.
As there is so much competition in the market, the Apple company was not left behind, and in 2001 relied on UNIX, although not completely, giving birth to MAC OS X, which was written entirely from scratch. With this we can conclude that UNIX It is the mother of operating systems, since without him the ones we know today would not have been born.
Birth of modern OS When and how were Windows, MacOS and Linux born?
Next, we will tell you more about the most famous operating systems:
windows
windows was born as such in 1975 by William H. Gates III and Paul Allenwho at that time were simple students and shared a great fondness for computers, who decided to program using a PDP-10 computer from Digital Equipment Corporation.
As we already mentioned, its main architecture was inspired by UNIX. However, some time later the MS-MOD Windows was formed with a slightly different architecture, and with such striking improvements that from that moment their sales began to increase in a notorious way, giving rise to the fact that after 2000 new versions will be created until today that Windows 10 exists.
linux
This, as we already know, is an operating system that was implemented with the idea of a free system and open so that anyone can access its writing and modify its structure according to their taste.
It was in 1983 that Richard Stallman first created the GNU projectall devised from a UNIX structure, and compatible with POSIX, to stop being a simple project two years later, and become a free software foundation.
Because it is a system that allows people to write structures and make modifications to them, it was seen with great growth, even greater than that of Windows. Although it did not have a good Kernel. Thanks to UNIX was growing and evolving strongly.
Although he grew up very fast, he never dared to launch the first version of LINUX, since they did not consider it good, remaining for the personal use of its creator linus torvalds. Some time later (1991) they released the second version, which did go to the market known as LINUX 0.02.
Later it released its version 0.03. Although, due to failures and tests, it jumped from all versions to 0.10. Then in 1992 increase your versions up to 0.95, and thanks to the recognition and good acceptance there are today’s versions of LINUX.
macOS
This is one of the operating systems younger, and it is that its first launch was in the middle of 2001, although it was given the name of MAC Operating System, thanks to its Mac OS X version released in 1984.
Unlike its predecessors, the operating system of MAC OS X is very similar to that of UNIX, which allowed it to make a great contribution with the technology promoted by NeXT, in the mid-1980s.
Time after Apple bought the company (1997), releasing its true and first version in 1999, known as Mac OS X Server 1.0, which was released to compete in the market in March 2001, and which was actually version number 10.
Its growth It wasn’t very easy because parts of his system were a bit more complicated and expensive than the others, In addition, because he was one of the youngest, he competed to this day against Microsoft and LINUX..
Chronology of the versions of the most important operating systems in history
Take note of the ones that we present below:
windows
Windows was one of the operating systems that first hit the market. For that reason has a lot of versionsand others as we call them editions or sub-versions.
- Windows 1 (1985)
- Windows 2 (1987)
- Windows 3 (1990)
- Windows NT (1993)
- Windows 95 (1994)
- Windows 98 (1998)
- Windows Me (2000)
- Windows XP (2001)
- Windows XP Home Edition and Windows XP Professional
- Windows XP Media Center
- Windows XP Tablet PC Edition
Exclusive sale editions
- Windows XP Starter
- Windows XP N
- Windows XP K&KN
- Windows XP Embedded
- Windows Fundamentals for Legacy PC
- Windows XP Professional x64 Edition
- Windows Vista (2007)
- Windows Starter.
- Windows Vista Home Basic.
- Windows Vista Home Basic N (European antitrust version)
- Windows Vista Home Premium (the most widespread)
- Windows Vista Business.
- Windows Vista Business N (European antitrust version)
- Windows Vista Enterprise.
- Windows Vista Ultimate.
- Windows 7 (2009)
- starter
- Home Basic
- HomePremium
- professional
- Ultimate
- business
- Embedded Standard
N and KN Editions
- Windows 7 Home Premium N
- Windows 7 Professional N
- Windows 7 Ultimate N
- Windows 8 (2012)
- Windows 8 (home)
- Windows 8 Pro (networks)
- Windows 8 Enterprise (only available for businesses)
- Windows 8 RT (for ARM processors in tablets, comes pre-installed)
- Windows 8.1
- Windows 10 (2015)
- Windows 10 Home
- Windows 10 Pro
- Windows 10 Enterprise
- Windows 10 Enterprise LTSB
- Windows 10 Education
- Windows 10 Mobile
- Windows 10 S
- Windows 10 Pro for Workstation
- Windows 10 Mobile Enterprise
- Windows 10 Team
- Windows 10 Pro Education
- Windows 10 IoT
- Windows 10 N and KN
macOS
Let’s remember that Mac OS is an operating system that has been generating systems and software since mid-1984, but after becoming Apple released its first official OS in 2001.
- 1984: System 1
- 1985: System 2
- 1986: System 3
- 1987: System 4
- 1988: System 6
- 1990: System 7
- 1997: Mac OS 8
- 1999: Mac OS 9
- 2001: Mac OS X 10.0 Cheetah
- 2001: Mac OS X 10.1 Cougar
- 2002: Mac OS X 10.2 Jaguar
- 2003—Mac OS X 10.3 Panther
- 2005—Mac OS X 10.4 Tiger
- 2007: Mac OS X 10.5 Leopard
- 2009: Mac OS X 10.6 Snow Leopard
- 2011: Mac OS X 10.7 Lion
- 2012: Mac OS X 10.8 Mountain Lion
- 2013: Mac OS X 10.9 Mavericks
- 2014: Mac OS X 10.10 Yosemite
- 2015: Mac OS X 10.11 El Capitan
- 2016: Mac OS X 10.12 macOS Sierra
- 2017: Mac OS X 10.13 macOS High Sierra
- 2018: Mac OS X 10.14 macOS Mojave
- 2019: Mac OS X 10.15 macOS Catalina
linux
After the announcement of its release on the market in 1991, this project has had the contribution of hundreds of developersand then We will see some of its main milestones:
- 1983 – 1989: The first version of the GNU GPL was created
- 1991: The LINUX kernel is created
- 1992: The LINUX kernel is licensed under the GNU GPL license
- 1993: Many trial versions are created
- 1994: The first version of LINUX 1.0 is released
- 1996: The second version (LINUX 2.0) is launched on the market
- 1997: LINUX is considered an open system and several software companies created Apps and programs for it and its versions
- 1998: Oracle is created with support for LINUX
- 2001: LINUX is discriminated for 64 bits and 32 bits, for better processing.
- 2007: Dell becomes the first computer manufacturer with UBUNTU pre-installed
- 2015: Simplifies their designs so anyone can add new versions or…
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