It is quite likely that have you heard at some point the acronyms IP. Even without moving into the world of computing, these letters are recurring on the internet and related services.
Well, it’s one of the fundamental elements that make up the way we communicate Y we get information nowadays.
If you ever wanted to know what did it meanWhat worked And for what served, you came to the right place. inside this post you will discover all this and much more. When you finish reading it, you will be able to understand what this computer term is about and how to use it correctly.
What is an IP Network and what is it used for in Computing?
The best analogy What can be done about a IP network is that of a Postal Code. That is, it is an interconnection of . In turn, these networks connect to each other and form a large network. Does this definition sound familiar to you? That is because we are talking about the internet itself. But so far not everything is clear. To improve this, we will try to explain what is an IP address. These acronyms mean internet protocol. With what we can say are rules and steps to follow in a network set connected.
He himself takes care of direct traffic (information) to the indicated place. As if it were the number and street of your house (following the theme of the zip code). From this we can already distinguish three parts of the direction IP. The destination, source and packet. But this system does not work by itself. Needs a support of hardware that is nothing more and nothing less than the router. This device is managed in language IP and is in charge of look up directions IP in a table (routing table) and send the packet to that destination.
In the same way as the traditional postal service, it would be impossible to direct information traffic if all packets arrived at the same place and they will be distributed from there. This is where we need the IP networks. As we will see later, they serve as filters for this data to reach the port without having to search through all the addresses. As it happens with the international telephone codes, those of area, district and so on.
IP network protocols What without all those that interact?
But by itself the IP protocol It is insufficient for the form of connection that we currently use. To better understand this concept we will show you which other collaborate to achieve the Internet as we know it today.
Let’s see next:
IP
It is the base by which the packages move. And by the latter we mean all kinds of data. Images, pixels, audio, textual information, etc.
We can divide this type into three (as we anticipated previously):
- The first is the destination IP addressthat is, where the information is directed.
- The second is the source IP address. It is nothing more than the location of who originates or forwards the data.
- Finally, we have the IP packet. It is the set of data that is transported through the connections from one point to another. It is not more than the contents of an email, an image within a web page or even the content of a video call.
East protocol has as work, take care of transporting the package from one address to another. Regardless of whether the package arrives correctly (just like the worst traditional mail services).
tcp
Due to the latter, the Transport Control Protocol. Which is the one that supervises the integrity of these packages. What would be a supervisor of the IP protocol. IF there is a problem and the package does not reach the final destination TCP indicates to IP to send said information. The set of these last two is known as TCP/IP, DoD or DARPA model. On which the Internet works today.
PDU
With the previous ones we already have assured that all the packages will arrive to us. However, this is not the case with the order in which they will. This is an insignificant factor when entering a web page (for example, it doesn’t matter which image loads first). But the same is not true of the instant communications.
It’s time for him to appear on the scene User Datagram Protocol. That it is in charge of indicating that the retransmission of the packets is not needed and prioritizes the order in which they arrive. In this way, useless data is omitted if it is going to be used in the wrong order. For example, frames (frames) that are not going to be transmitted in a video call.
RIP, OSPF, and BGP
Routing Information Protocol, Open Short Path Y Border Gateway Protocol respectively are protocols that are responsible for fill in the table of routing. It is from this list that the router obtains the addresses to send a IP packet.
MPLS
Finally, we find Multiprotocol Label Switch. If you handle the language, you will already suspect what it is about. If not, we can tell you that it is a protocol that is located at the core of a network and that takes care of labeling routes. In such a way that the packets that go through the same path have the same tag. This identification uses its own language.
IP addresses? What are they and how are they different?
As we already mentioned one IP is an address that identifies a specific team. It consists of a series of numbers separated by periods.
But in addition to this we can find different types:
- dynamic IPs go changing the number of your address. They tend to be more secure since they make tracking more difficult, but at the same time less stable.
- Fixed IPs keep immutable the assigned number. They tend to have faster download and upload speeds, as well as being more stable. In turn, they can be divided into two categories.
- public IP. the same are visible to the rest of the networks and they are the reference point for the servers to find our router.
- private IP. On the contrary, the private ones are assigned to each device connected within the network that shares the public IP. For example, within a Wi-Fi networkthe mobile and the computer have IP private different, but both receive information through the public IP.
In turn, within this last category (private IP) three types of addresses are defined:
- A class. it assigns the first byte to identify the network, and the last three to be assigned to hosts. They are generally used by large private networks.
- Class B. are used by SMEs or medium networks with multiple connected devices. In such a network, the first two bytes are assigned to identify the network and the remaining ones for the hosts.
- C-class. They are the most used by homes or home networks. Where the first three bytes identify the network and the remaining one the hosts (allowing a maximum of 254).
Versions of Internet protocols What are all that exist so far?
At present and for the moment, within the Internet two versions are usedthe 4 and the 6.
Between the two there is a great difference and possibilities as we will see below:
IPv4
It’s used since the year 1981 to the present. Many devices still use it. IPv4 It is made up of four series of numbers that go up to the 255 and are separated by points. For example (73.122.131.12). This version of the protocol works with 32 bit (2 with exponent 32). That is why these networks only support a maximum of this amount of connected equipment. That number has long since been exceeded. Therefore, it was decided to incorporate the following version.
IPv6
Unlike its predecessor, this version works on 128 bitsso it allows a huge number of connected devices. The second difference is the way an address is expressed (2001:0db8:3c4d:0015:0000:0000:1a2f:1a2b).
But apart from the differences, this version has certain advantagesas they can be, the incorporation of security protocolsincrease in performanceincluding the possibility of change networks without losing functionality of the address.
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