【SUBNET or Subnet Mask】What is it? + Operation ▷ 2022

You may have never heard of Subnetespecially if you are not a computer expert. However, here we are going to teach you a little about what it is, what it is for and how it works, taking into account that this is a tool that serves as a mask for IP protocols.

And it is that the subnet mask It will allow you to identify which part of la refers to the subnet it belongs to. This means that thanks to this function you will have the opportunity to know many more details about what IP networks areas well as what it is and how to identify it.

In this way, here we are going to explain a little more about the subnet and how it works on the different internet protocolsas well as what are the subnetting addresses that you can currently find. To do this, follow in detail everything that we will teach you below.

What is the subnet and what is this network mask for in IP protocols?

It should be mentioned that this is quite a complicated process and necessary for networks around the worldand it should be mentioned thatThere are three types of network classes which today we will call networks I, networks II and networks III. In the case of the networks I, you can say it is the internet managerwhere well-known companies in the world such as Microsoft make use of them and which are also known as WAM or Wide Area Network.

In the case of the networks II, These are used especially by large companies and corporations but are not as advanced as the WAMs. They are called where they are big enough not to be a LANbut neither are they big enough to become a WAM. And finally we found the networks IIIwhich are used by small and medium enterprises, and that they are obtained in houses.

These are known as 192,168… and they are named as networks . Therefore, all this tool used to identify a part of an IP addresswhich allows you to know a little plus the details of the IP address.

Taking into account that these addresses make it possible to identify a network interface used by a IP protocol and which must be unique within said network. In addition, these protocols have different versions that are based on standards and that in currently IPv4 and IPv6 networks are compatible with each otherdespite is migrating to IPv6 based on IETF RFC 3513 standards.

How does the subnet work in the different Internet protocols?

The subnet complies with an operation in the different internet protocols as they are the IPv4 and IPv6.

That is why we are going to explain in detail the process that is carried out in each of them:

in IPv4

In the case of IPv4 is the most widely used Internet protocol in every home, because despite The existence of IPv6 this protocol has not yet ended up being used by the majority of clients. And this is because ISPs have not yet made the leap to IPv6 addressing. All of this keeps making IPv4 remains one of the most fundamental protocols on the Internet.

The IPv4 protocol is the one who is going to allow to identify the different devices that are connected to the same network. These protocols have 32bit, for what they exist at least 4.3 billion completely unique addresses, although many of them alreadyare reserved for performing specific tasksas they are private LAN IP address ranges that are not routable over the Internet.

in IPv6

The other protocol currently available is the IPv6 and which has been created with the objective of being able to replace the IPv4, but which has not yet been fully established. In this case you are addresses are 128-bit based. East protocol is much more extensive than the one mentioned above so it is very difficult to define space with decimal notation.

IPv6 it is formed by eight 16-bit sectionswhich are separated by two points. where each of 16-bit sections have two raised to the 16 variations. An example of this would be IPv6: 2607; 4545; 200; f8ff; 67 cf. It is also worth mentioning that this protocol is being designed to replace IPv4 protocol.

What are reserved addresses in subnetting and what are they?

Another important aspect to take into account are the reserved addresses in subnettingwhere within each subnet cannot assign the first and last address to any host. This is due to that the first address of the subnet is used as the subnet address, while the last address is reserved for local broadcast domains. Therefore, RFC 950 standard it can’t be done use the first and last subnets.

In this way, here we explain the two reserved addresses that are currently found:

With RFC 950

The first address found is with RFC 950, where we leave you the following table:

Network Range
IP range
broadcast

200.3.25.32 200.3.25.33 – 200.3.25.62 200.3.25.63 200.3.25.64 200.3.25.65 – 200.3.25.94 200.3.25.95 200.3.25.96 200.3.25.97 – 200.3.25.126 200.25.25.127 200.25 200. .25.159 200.3.25.160 200.3.25.161 – 200.3.25.190 1000-4000.120 200.3.25.192 200.3.25.193 – 200.3.25.222 200.3.25.223

Without RFC 950

The other available address is without RFC 950.

For this case we have the following data: