The TCP/IP protocols are one of the most famous, and every day new alternatives are being sought to improve them. your concept It’s a little complicatedbut today we are going to explain to you with simple words what it is about.
In this post you will find all the necessary information so that you can understand how this protocol works. Remember that the purpose of Internet protocols is to promote communication in computing.
The TCP has a structure composed of levels and layers, where each one complies with unique activities so that communication can be effective. In addition, we will also show you what the protocols are most important of the TCP.
What is the TCP/IP protocol and what is its role in a computer network?
Before you start to see what the TCP/IP protocol is covered, we must know a little of its history. It began in the early 1960s, when several researchers were looking for a way to share different computing resources more efficiently and without so many conflicts.
It was in 1961 when Leonard Kleinrock first introduced the concept of packet switching. This idea was skewed towards a concept of inter-system communication, where packets will be split for better responsiveness.
Later, seeing that this innovation proved useful, in 1969 the Agency for Advanced Research Projects, from the US Army developed ARPnet together with it, with the purpose of making it more resistant to any attack from the USSR. Due to its good response from the system, it was decided create TCP/IP protocols.
As its fame grew, other competition protocols were created. However, this is the one that uses less network resources, thus making it much more popular than the others. Years later it was integrated commercially, becoming a standard internet protocol.
What is the TCP/IP protocol?
Since we know a little about its history, we will explain to you what this wonderful protocol is about, which is one of those who are always present when you use the Internet.
As we have already seen, it is one of the host protocols in the world, because it is the intermediary to facilitate and carry out better data transmissionwhere it allows us to exchange any data or information securely and without their being altered.
This protocol uses series of four octet numbers (byte), whose decimal format is separated by a decimal point, fulfilling an aspect similar to this: 69.5.163.59
Other protocols in the world such as those of applications, such as HTTP and FTP are based on and use this protocol for their communication.
What is an IP address and what is its role within TCP/IP?
Internet protocols (IP) are those that allow us the proper functioning of the Internet. When we talk about this we can also refer to a group of devices, such as broadcasting or multicasting.
In most cases, you are only assigned one different IP address to each team (at the same time), in order to identify them.
What is an IP address made up of?
Thanks to innovations and technological advances, today we have two types of IP addresses. which certainly have somewhat different characteristics. But the network identifier is common to both, whose function within the protocol is to find the correct path in IP routing; and a device identifier, which is responsible for establishing communication with the device that hosts a particular IP address.
To give you a better idea of what we are talking about, here are the main characteristics of these types of IP addresses:
IPv4
It is the most used today, because it is the default in most systems. This made up of 32 bitswhich if we look at it from a technical point of view, is a 32-digit binary code, which can have a form similar to this:
- 11000000 10101000 10110010 00011111
Although visually represents us in a shorter code like the following:
IPv6
There is the Internet protocol of the future. Although for now there are still many systems that do not even take it into account, it will not be long before it is the one that replaces the previous version of the protocol.
It consists of 128 bits, which like the previous version is a code. This one is a little longer, but visually it is shown to us in the following form: “::ffff:c0a8:b21f”
Though It is actually expressed like this: 0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:ffff:c0a8:b21f
Your forecast is big boost because this protocol allows for faster behavior than the previous one, achieving better communication.
Relationship of IP to TCP/IP
The IP protocol allows us, as we already mentioned, the transmission of data, and TCP is the one that unifies these packets so that they are not distorted and nothing of the original message changeshe. It is related because the TCP is basically the one that is in charge of the inventory of the information so that it is maintained while the IP transmits it, for which reason this union is known as TCP/IP.
What are the major protocols that make up the TCP/IP model?
The TCP/IP models are made up of different services that make up their structure. This distribution is done by levels so that it can be used by different software. To be a bit clearer, this internet protocol is standardized by the International Organization for Standardization, called ISO.
These levels are in charge of different activities, named as follows:
- App
- Presentation
- Session
- Transportation
- Net
- data link
- Physical
The main function of all these together is isolate common software system components in levels. Although in reality each of these levels is independent of the rest.
His tasks are a bit abstract, although following , They are not designed to be a real model itselfbut it is to promote a model that can be the basis of the TCP/IP system.
One of the conditions that allow the architecture to work properly is that each level must have a hierarchy higher and lower than it, so that it can be processed. These can also be known as data blocks, which decode the message translating it and evaluating its behavior.
But in order not to alter the messages, the message data is completely ignored, which is called encapsulation, because each level adds a capsule of information based on the original data:
- APP
- TRANSPORTATION
- INTERNET
- NETWORK INTERFACE
- PHYSICAL
How many and what are the layers of the TCP/IP model?
Each of these layers is hierarchical, and each of them it is assigned a number depending on the service it offers and its functions, in this way each layer is ordered and delimited to different and unique activities.
They are divided as follows:
- Layer 5 (application layer): It is those that are responsible for assimilating the session (5), presentation (6) and application (7) layers, whose model is OSI. Details of the OSI session and presentation layers must be included in the application layer to work together.
- Layer 4 (transport layer): It is the transport layer, which assimilates almost the entire OSI model, in order to organize the information and carry it until it is received.
- Layer 3 (Internet layer): It is the network layer, where the OSI model is followed.
- Layer 2 (media access layer): This layer is what allows the link between the data.
- Layer 1 (media access layer): It is the physical layer, essential before all, which follows the OSI model.
What are the main alternatives to TCP/IP in computer networks?
Specifically, there is no alternative to TCP/IP, but there are different improvements that offer us some more features than the basic one. We must understand that TCP/IP is the main protocol and therefore there are a large number of modifications and even protocols already assimilated as their progress.
Such protocols are known as follows:
- BIC TCP: This is a protocol that uses congestion control algorithms, which allows us to use the transmission control protocol (TCP), where the BIC is the one that optimizes to offer high speed calls, avoiding congestion.
- CUBIC TCP: It uses a congestion control algorithm, which is optimized for high latency bandwidth, mostly used when there are long and thick networks.
- P-TCP: This protocol has practically the same characteristics of the basic TCP, and the truth is that it is only an improvement with slope in P.
- S-TCP: Like the previous protocol, its main base is TCP/IP, although with a few modifications in the part for sending information.
- Flast TCP: It is made up of congestion control algorithms, designed with the purpose of avoiding a collapse in the exchange of information, in addition to the fact that among its qualities is the increase in data transfer speed on the Internet, without the messages being modified.
If you carry out a deeper search, you will find a totally different list, since when we talk about improving computer scientists they take it very seriously and are always innovating.
OSI Model vs TCP/IP Which is better and how are they different?
OSI models have slightly different characteristics to those of the TCP/IP models. Next, we will show you some differences, and you yourself will decide which is the best:
OSI model
- It has a more general architecture and It is useful for establishing communications between computers..
- It was officially adopted in 1984 as a standard by the ISO.
- It has seven layers or levels for its proper functioning.
- It has a high protocol definition.
- It is somewhat complex, since its concept focuses on offering a connection service.
- Like the TCP/IP model, it has a packet switching technology so that they arrive without being altered, but quickly.
TCP/IP model
- Its architecture is simpler than the previous model, and this is because has fewer layers.
- All protocol standards are open.
- Combine presentation and session layers for a better application.
- Combine different layers to improve information processing.
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